Post by Barb Okla on Nov 24, 2009 12:09:47 GMT -6
CARIBSEA CONVERSIONS, SCIENTIFIC CALCULATIONS & OTHER DEFINITIONS Taken from their site.. caribsea.com/pages/products/conversion/conversion.html
Conversions:
Weight
o 1 ounce = 28.35 grams
o 1 pound = 16 ounces or 454 grams
o 1 gram = 1,000 milligrams or .035 ounces
o 1 milligram = .001 gram (1/1000)
o 1 kilogram = 1,000 grams, 35 ounces, or 2.2 pounds
Volume
o 1 milliliter = 1 cubic centimeter, .001 liter, or about 20 large drops
o 1 liter = 1,000 milliliters, 1.06 quarts, 2.1 pints
o 1 teaspoon = 5 milliliters
o 1 tablespoon = 3 teaspoons or 15 milliliters
o 1 fluid ounce = 2 tablespoons or 29.6 milliliters
o 1 cup = 8 fluid ounces or 236.8 milliliters
o 1 quart = 32 fluid ounces, 2 pints, or 946.3 milliliters
o 1 gallon = 128 fluid ounces, 8 pints, 4 quarts, 3.8 liters, or 231 cubic in.
Temperature
o Degrees Celsius = .56 (Fahrenheit degrees -32)
o Degrees Fahrenheit = (1.80 x degrees Celsius) + 32
Gallons in a rectangular or square aquarium:
Length x Width x Height (all in inches), divide total by 231.
Sand or gravel needed for aquarium:
Length x Width x Bed depth desired (all in inches), divide total by 1,728, then multiply by 100 for sand or 70 for gravel.
This will give you an estimate of the pounds needed for a bed of sand or gravel.
Denitrification:
5C6H12O6 + 24NO3- + 24H+ = 30CO2 + 12N2 + 42H2O
Respiration: Decreases pH
C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O
Photosynthesis: (Increases pH)
106CO2 + 122H2O + 16HNO3 + H3PO4 = (CH2O)106(NH3)16H3PO4 + 138O2
or simplified 6CO2 + 6H2O = C6H12O6 + 6O2
Nitrification:
NH4++ 2O2
Salinity:
The osmotic properties of seawater result from the total amount of dissolved salts. This is expressed in salinity. For example, a salinity of 35ppt would be equal to 35 grams of NaCl/1,000 milliliters of a solution, or 3.5% solution NaCl. The following are average salinities of different types of water.
Fresh water:…………………………0-0.5
Low salinity brackish water:………..0.5-3.0
Medium salinity brackish water:....... 3.0-10.0
High salinity brackish water:……….10.0- 17.0
Low salinity seawater:……………...17.0- 30.0
Medium salinity seawater:………… 30.0- 34.0
High salinity seawater:……………..34.0- 38.0
Brine:……………………………….38.0+
Major Components of Seawater:
(Given on moles per kilogram at salinity of 35%)
Water (H20) 53.557
Sodium (Na+) 0.4680
Magnesium (Mg++) 0.0532
Calcium (Ca++) 0.0103
Potassium (K+) 0.0099
Strontium (Sr++) 0.0001
Chlorine (Cl-) 0.5459
Sulfate (SO4-) 0.0282
Carbonate (CO3-2) 0.0023
Biocarbonate (HCO3-) 0.0023
Bromine 0.008
Boric Acid 0.0004
Formulas:
Salinity = 0.03 + ( 1.805 x chlorinity )
Conversions:
Weight
o 1 ounce = 28.35 grams
o 1 pound = 16 ounces or 454 grams
o 1 gram = 1,000 milligrams or .035 ounces
o 1 milligram = .001 gram (1/1000)
o 1 kilogram = 1,000 grams, 35 ounces, or 2.2 pounds
Volume
o 1 milliliter = 1 cubic centimeter, .001 liter, or about 20 large drops
o 1 liter = 1,000 milliliters, 1.06 quarts, 2.1 pints
o 1 teaspoon = 5 milliliters
o 1 tablespoon = 3 teaspoons or 15 milliliters
o 1 fluid ounce = 2 tablespoons or 29.6 milliliters
o 1 cup = 8 fluid ounces or 236.8 milliliters
o 1 quart = 32 fluid ounces, 2 pints, or 946.3 milliliters
o 1 gallon = 128 fluid ounces, 8 pints, 4 quarts, 3.8 liters, or 231 cubic in.
Temperature
o Degrees Celsius = .56 (Fahrenheit degrees -32)
o Degrees Fahrenheit = (1.80 x degrees Celsius) + 32
Gallons in a rectangular or square aquarium:
Length x Width x Height (all in inches), divide total by 231.
Sand or gravel needed for aquarium:
Length x Width x Bed depth desired (all in inches), divide total by 1,728, then multiply by 100 for sand or 70 for gravel.
This will give you an estimate of the pounds needed for a bed of sand or gravel.
Denitrification:
5C6H12O6 + 24NO3- + 24H+ = 30CO2 + 12N2 + 42H2O
Respiration: Decreases pH
C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O
Photosynthesis: (Increases pH)
106CO2 + 122H2O + 16HNO3 + H3PO4 = (CH2O)106(NH3)16H3PO4 + 138O2
or simplified 6CO2 + 6H2O = C6H12O6 + 6O2
Nitrification:
NH4++ 2O2
Salinity:
The osmotic properties of seawater result from the total amount of dissolved salts. This is expressed in salinity. For example, a salinity of 35ppt would be equal to 35 grams of NaCl/1,000 milliliters of a solution, or 3.5% solution NaCl. The following are average salinities of different types of water.
Fresh water:…………………………0-0.5
Low salinity brackish water:………..0.5-3.0
Medium salinity brackish water:....... 3.0-10.0
High salinity brackish water:……….10.0- 17.0
Low salinity seawater:……………...17.0- 30.0
Medium salinity seawater:………… 30.0- 34.0
High salinity seawater:……………..34.0- 38.0
Brine:……………………………….38.0+
Major Components of Seawater:
(Given on moles per kilogram at salinity of 35%)
Water (H20) 53.557
Sodium (Na+) 0.4680
Magnesium (Mg++) 0.0532
Calcium (Ca++) 0.0103
Potassium (K+) 0.0099
Strontium (Sr++) 0.0001
Chlorine (Cl-) 0.5459
Sulfate (SO4-) 0.0282
Carbonate (CO3-2) 0.0023
Biocarbonate (HCO3-) 0.0023
Bromine 0.008
Boric Acid 0.0004
Formulas:
Salinity = 0.03 + ( 1.805 x chlorinity )